Law firm · M&A · Fallstudie

Ask questions that cut across 9,400 data-room files, without a single one leaving the laptop

Example · Hypothetical scenario5 Min. LesezeitConsilience Team

Was dabei herauskommtIn a 9,400-file data room, a question like "which contracts with a change-of-control clause have a counterparty in the top 10 by revenue?" comes back with the clause text quoted and source links attached, and no file ever leaves the laptop.

Nineteen days to the diligence deadline. The virtual data-room export arrived on an external SSD: 9,400 files. An associate typed "change of control" into workspace search and got 1,200 hits. Open them and most are tables of contents and exhibit indexes. Whether the clause is actually there means opening Section 3.2 of the contract body, and the contracts that came in as scans don't turn up in search at all.

This person is a senior lawyer at the law firm advising the buyer. What's in hand: the 9,400-file data-room export (contracts, articles of incorporation, permits, litigation records, board minutes), one set of reps and warranties, one spreadsheet of top customers by revenue. Privileged documents are mixed in, so uploading to a cloud AI isn't an option. This article shows what happens when that material goes into a workspace on the laptop — what you ask, and what comes back. It's not a real customer story; it's a hypothetical scenario we thought through.

9,400 files on a single SSD

What the seller handed over isn't an organized set. It's a dump of the folder tree as-is. Naming conventions differ by department, and the draft, the redline, and the executed copy of the same contract sit in different folders. The questions diligence has to answer cut straight across the pile.

  • 9,400 files in the virtual data-room export. Contracts, articles of incorporation, permits, litigation records, and board minutes, all in one tree.
  • About 2,700 contracts. Supply, distribution, license, lease. A good share are scanned PDFs, so full-text search doesn't reach them.
  • One set of reps and warranties. The list of contracts the seller says it "disclosed" lives in an attached exhibit.
  • One spreadsheet of top customers by revenue. Customer name, last three years of revenue, ten rows of ranking.
  • Two years of board minutes, about 24 files. For some contracts, the approval record exists only in the minutes.
  • The same company is written three different ways across contracts: "Taeyang Co., Ltd.", "Taeyang Components", "Taeyang Components Co., Ltd."

Today, six people split the folders

Six associates divide the folders between them. Each one runs workspace-wide searches for "change of control," "Change in Control," "change in ownership," opens every file that hits, checks the clause text, and copies the contract name, section number, and gist of the clause into a shared spreadsheet. It's a three-week schedule, and in the final week the senior re-checks that worksheet.

Three things break. Scanned PDFs don't hit in search, so people read the cover page and move on. If the search term doesn't line up with the contract's wording ("in the event of any change in a party's status under this Agreement"), the clause is there and never surfaces. And search only answers inside one contract at a time. "Which of those contracts has a top-ten customer on the other side" means keeping the spreadsheet open alongside and matching by eye.

A cloud document-review tool automates a good chunk of this work. This diligence proceeds on the premise that privileged documents are in the set, so nothing gets uploaded outside.

9,400 files go into the workspace

Prep starts by dropping the folder in whole. No sorting.

The data-room export into the workspace

  1. Drop all 9,400 in, folder and all

    Drop the export folder into the workspace. With a pile of untouched documents sitting there, the Activity center offers the bulk route: an "Build this workspace's knowledge graph?" card with an "Extract" button. What gets extracted piles up as markdown on your own disk, and the original PDFs stay on the SSD.

  2. The revenue spreadsheet goes into the same workspace

    Drop the top-ten customer spreadsheet into the same workspace. The customers become entities, and they connect to the counterparties named in the contracts as the same subjects. That's where the condition gets built that lets one question ask about the contract pile and the revenue ranking at once.

  3. Open the first chat after the build finishes

    Open a "New chat" (⌘⇧C) and ask, @-mentioning the customer at the center. "Taeyang Co., Ltd.", "Taeyang Components", and "Taeyang Components Co., Ltd." collapse by entity identity, so mentioning one spelling catches the rest.

What you type into the chat box

Day 3 of diligence, typed straight into a "New chat" (⌘⇧C)
"Which contracts have a change-of-control clause where the
counterparty is in the top 10 by revenue?"
→ 7 contracts. Each one quotes the clause text, with a
  [[Supply Agreement (Taeyang)]] reference and Section 3.2 attached.
  Below it, the mini graph "Where this came from in your notes" is drawn.

"Of the contracts the reps and warranties say were disclosed,
which ones have no actual file in the data room?"
→ 2. The board minutes carry an approval record; the contract file is missing.
  A [[2024-08 Board Minutes]] reference and Item 3 are attached.

"Of those 7, split the ones needing the counterparty's prior consent
from the ones that only need notice."
→ Consent 4 / notice 3. Each one quotes the sentence verbatim.

The first question works because the contracts and the spreadsheet sit on the same knowledge graph (a map that connects concepts as points and lines). A search that pulls back the passages closest in meaning gets you as far as "contracts with the clause" and stops at "and of those, the top-revenue customers." The counterparty in the contract and the customer in the spreadsheet have to be joined as the same entity for both conditions to meet inside one question.

The path to verifying an answer is short. On an entity page, hover a connection chip and you see the exact note and sentence the fact came from; click a [[bracketed]] reference in the answer and the source note opens. Once a conversation checks out, freeze it: in the session list, right-click → "Pin as case…". Days later, when the seller uploads more material and you reopen the case, a "New evidence on {count} pinned entities since your last visit:" strip points at exactly what grew.

What changes

BeforeNow
A person opens each of the 1,200 workspace-search hits for "change of control" to check whether Section 3.2 is in thereThe 7 contracts that actually carry the clause arrive with the clause text and links to the contract files
Wording that misses the search term, like "in the event of any change in a party's status under this Agreement," never hitsDifferent wording still comes back as a clause with the same substance
Scanned-PDF contracts don't hit in search, so people read the cover page and move onScanned contracts come back to the same question, to the extent they were read
The contract counterparties and the revenue spreadsheet sit on two screens and get matched by eyeThe spreadsheet's top ten customers meet the contract counterparties inside one question
The reps-and-warranties exhibit and the data-room file list get laid side by side and comparedThe 2 contracts "disclosed but with no file" come out of a single question

People still do work in this flow. Judging which clause is a deal breaker, reading the clause text, choosing what to put to the seller. What shrinks is opening 1,200 hits one at a time to check whether the clause exists and copying it into a spreadsheet.

Ask questions that cut across 9,400 data-room files, without a single one leaving the laptop · Consilience